Automatic Teller Machine

Automatic teller machines, also known as ATM, Automatic Teller Machine is an abbreviation, meaning the ATM, because mostly for withdrawals, known as ATMs. It is a highly sophisticated mechatronic system, using a magnetic card or smart card code to implement self-service financial transactions, instead of working bank counter staff. Can withdraw cash, deposit balance inquiries, transfer of funds between accounts performed, balance inquiries and other work; can also be a cash deposit (recorded in real time), check deposit (domestic None), passbook retro, intermediate business and so on. Cardholders can use credit or debit card, according to password handling automatic withdrawals, balance inquiries, transfers, cash deposits, passbook retro, purchase funds, change passwords, and other services to pay the phone bill.

In 1939, LutherGeorgeSimjian invented the ATM machine. However, the automatic teller machines in the modern sense, the concept was put forward in 1968, the prototype appeared in 1969. The first automatic teller machine was installed at Chemical Bank in New York. Today, the speed ATM machine developed quite fast, the ratio of banking institutions reached a 4: 1. Navy even loaded into the ATM machine on the warships.

Automatic teller machines - ATM use

1. To bank card magnetic stripe down the side of the insertion magnetic stripe ATM machine right

2. If you have some tips about the text on the screen according to the "confirm" can the "OK" button in 4 or 8 key place

3. After entering the card after the password is entered directly into the ATM screen and some can and some also need to press the Confirm 4 key or the 8 key

4. After you can see on the screen "Queries" "withdrawals", "Transfer", "back card" and select the corresponding button is that eight key sub you must not hurry to see the next option and press the corresponding key child

5. Press the "withdrawal" after you enter the amount you want to withdraw if there is a convenient on-screen prompts such as: 1000 yuan 800 yuan 500 yuan, etc. If top with the amount you want to withdraw money, you can press the corresponding button on it if there is no after you find an "other amount" after pressing can freely enter the amount they want to enter the amount taken up by confirmation

6. At this time the eyes must be focused on the "out of money mouth" 2-5 seconds out of money after the money if no one takes Tunhui Dispenser ATM withdrawals will certainly find a suspicious banknote counting banknotes put crown word take the bill number after aligning ATM camera more slowly moving back and forth for a few seconds so you can make the camera recording to an optimal distance after going to the bank to identify if it is counterfeit complaints! If subsequently found there would be no way

7. After the withdrawal can be further withdrawals can also query

8. If you do not want to continue to operate the on-screen prompts to press "back of the card" Exit Card.

Photo resistance

Photo resistor  also known as the photosensitive resistor (photo resistor or light-dependent resistor, which is abbreviated as ldr) or light guide (photo conductor), commonly used in the production of materials for the cadmium, in addition to selenium sulfide, aluminum sulfide, lead and bismuth sulfide and other materials. The production of materials under irradiation with light having a specific wavelength, its resistance decreases rapidly characteristics. This is because the carriers are involved in conducting the light produced in the applied electric field drift motion testimony, the positive power electronics toward the hole toward the negative power supply, so that the light-sensitive resistor values to decline rapidly.

Photo resistor is a resistance value of the strength of a photo conductive effect using a semiconductor made with the incident light changing resistors, also known as a photo conductive detector; incident light intensity, the resistance is reduced, the incident light is weak, the resistor increases. Still another of the incident light is weak, the resistance is reduced, the incident light intensity, resistance increases.

Photo resistor are generally used for measuring light, light control and photoelectric conversion (to change light into electricity changes). Conventional photosensitive resistor CdS photo resistor, which is made of a semiconductor material. Photo resistor light sensitivity  and visible light (0.4 ~ 0.76) μm of the response of the human eye is very close, as long as the human eye can feel the light, will cause its resistance changes. When designing the light control circuit, all with incandescent bulbs (small bulbs) light or natural light for controlling the light source, so that the design greatly simplified.

Biometrics

The biometric technology is closely bonded via computer and optics, acoustics, biosensors and bio-statistical principles and other high-tech means, using the body's natural physiological characteristics (such as fingerprints, face, like, iris, etc.) and behavioral characteristics (such as handwriting , voice, gait, etc.) to identify personal identity.

According to IBG (International Biometric Group) statistics in 2009, the market has a variety of features for different physiological and behavioral characteristics of the application. Among them, the highest share is the fingerprint of.
Identification methods

The traditional identification methods include the identity of objects (such as keys, certificates, ATM card, etc.) and knowledge of identity (such as a user name and password), but as the main means of in vitro matter, once proof of identity and identification knowledge to identify items stolen or forgotten, their identity impersonate or are likely to be substituted by others.

Biometric technology is more secure than the traditional identification methods, privacy and convenience. Biometrics has easy to forget, good security performance, easy forgery or theft, carry "portable" and other advantages available anywhere.

Biometric technology mainly refers to a technology for authentication through human biological characteristics, unique to humans generally can be measured or automatic identification and verification, genetic or other characteristics constant for life, thus biometric authentication technology there is a big advantage compared with traditional authentication techniques.

Biometric systems biometric sampling, extracting its unique features and converted into digital code and code composition further feature template. Since the microprocessor and the declining cost of various electronic components, precision gradually improve, biometric systems increasingly used in authorized commercial control such as access control, time and attendance management system enterprise security certification and other fields. Biometric Biometrics has a hand, fingerprint, face, iris, retina, pulse, ear and other behavioral characteristics a signature sound, key efforts and so on.
Based on these characteristics, people have developed a hand shape recognition, fingerprint recognition, face recognition, pronunciation recognition, iris recognition, signature recognition and other biometric technology.

Chinese biometric industry is the first development of fingerprint identification technology, basic and foreign synchronization, back in the early 1980s began the research, and mastered the core technology, industrial development is relatively mature. The China Research for biometric vein recognition, face recognition, iris recognition is carried out after 1996. In 1996, the current deputy secretary-general Tan Tieniu Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, director of the Chinese Academy of Sciences named "Hundred Talents Program", resigned lifelong teaching positions at the University of Reading, UK home, opened a biometric-based identification of other international human the new frontier of research disciplines, China began research in the field of biometric vein, face, iris, etc.

The fuel cell

The fuel cell is main oxygen or other oxidizing agent via a redox reaction, the chemical energy in the fuel cell is converted into electrical energy. The most common fuel is hydrogen a number of hydrocarbons such as natural gas, alcohols, and methane as fuel may also be used. Unlike primary cells of the fuel cell, because of the need of oxygen and fuel When set of sources to ensure the operation of the power supply. The advantage of this battery is that it can provide uninterrupted and stable power, until the fuel runs out.

In 1839, British physicist William Grove produced the first fuel cell. The first fuel cell applications in which NASA space missions in the 1960s to provide electricity for the detectors, satellites and space capsule. Since then, the fuel cell began to be widely used in industrial, housing, transportation and other aspects, as a basic or back-up power supply unit.

Today life in the presence of a variety of fuel cells, but they are basically about the same principle of operation, must contain an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte to make a charge through the battery poles. DC transmitted electrons from the anode cathode, to form a complete circuit. The fuel cell is based on using a variety of different electrolytes and battery size classification, and therefore become more diversified type of battery, also use more extensive. Due to the individual fuel cell count, a single cell can only be a relatively small output voltage, about 0.7V, so fuel cells in series or fractional multiple manufacturing a group, in order to increase the voltage to meet the application requirements.

On the other hand, will produce a fuel cell producing electricity and hot water, based on different fuels, it is possible to produce a very small amount of nitrogen dioxide and other substances, pollution of the environment is less than the original battery, is a green energy source. Energy efficiency of the fuel cell is usually between 40-60%; if the use of waste heat is captured, the energy efficiency of its cogeneration up to 85%.

VLSI highly integrated circuits

VLSI Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit is a combination of a large number of transistors to a single integrated circuit chip, which is larger than the degree of LSI integration. The number of transistors integrated different in different standards. Starting in the 1970s, with the development of complex semiconductor and communication technology, integrated research, development has gradually expanded. The computer control core microprocessor is the most typical examples of ultra large scale integrated circuit, VLSI Design, especially digital integrated circuits, electronic design automation usually the way, has become an important branch of computer engineering one.

IC according to the level of integration can be divided into small-scale integrated circuits, the size of integrated circuits, LSI, VLSI, VLSI and huge integrated circuits.

Small-scale integrated circuit in 1960 appeared on a silicon wafer containing 10-100 1-10 element or logic gates. Such as logic gates and flip-flops and so on. If small-scale digital integrated circuits (SSI) design combinational logic circuit, it is the gate as the basic unit of the circuit, so simplifying logic function of the number of gates should be used at least, and also the number of inputs of the gate at least.

Modulation

Modulation is a cyclical one or more carriers want to transfer the mixed signal technology, commonly used in radio wave propagation and communications, the use of all aspects of data communication telephone lines and the like. Depending on the modulation signal can be divided into several bits modulation and analog modulation, these different modulation, in a different way, the signal and the carrier synthesis technology. The reverse process is called modulation demodulation for the solution of the original signal.

Significance of modulation

Spectrum signals can be move to any position, thus contributing to the transmitted signal, and the spectrum resources are fully utilized. For example, the antenna size is one tenth or larger signal, the signal can be effectively radiated.  For speech signals, corresponding antenna size to be in the tens of kilometers or more, it is virtually impossible to achieve. This requires that the signal spectrum modulation process move to a higher frequency range. If you do not put the signal directly modulated radiation out, then the frequency of the radio signal emitted by each will be the same. Modulation of the substance is to make the same frequency range signals are relying on a different carrier frequency, the receiver can be isolated frequency signal required, will not interfere with each other. This is the basis to achieve multiplexed on the same channel.

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, called UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), UMTS as a complete 3G mobile communication technology standards, UMTS is not limited to define an air interface. In addition to WCDMA air interface technology as the preferred continuous improvement get outside, UMTS also have been introduced in the TD-SCDMA and HSDPA technology.

One kind of third-generation (3G) mobile phone technology. It uses WCDMA as the underlying standard by the 3GPP, and represents the European response to ITUIMT-2000 for 3G Cellular radio systems. UMTS is also sometimes called 3GSM, emphasizing the combination of 3G technology and the GSM standard follow-up criteria. UMTS packet switching system is being evolved by the GPRS system, so the architecture of the system is quite similar.

UMTS supports transfer rates of 1920 kbps (not often seen 2Mbps), but typically the highest rate of 384Kbps in reality only about high-load systems. Even so the data rate has been higher than the GSM error correcting data channel 14.4kbps or more consisting of 14.4 kbps HSCSD channel can really achieve price acceptable mobile WWW access and MMS. UMTS premise implementation is now widely used in GSM mobile telephone system, belonging to 2G technology. There is also a way evolution from 2G GPRS called. (Can be seen as 2.5G) GPRS support better data rate (theoretical maximum 140.8kbps, can actually achieve close 56Kbps), better than the connection-oriented data encapsulation. GPRS has been deployed in many GSM networks.

China Unicom's UMTS network upgrade to HSDPA, sometimes also called 3.5G. It can make a downlink transmission speed of 10Mbps.

UMTS has emphasized the possibility in the market for mobile video conference call to achieve, despite the fact that there are many promising service has not been tested to verify.
Other possible uses for UMTS music downloads and video telephony.