Lathe is the main vehicles for rotating the workpiece knife turning machine.
In 1797, the British created the modern mechanical inventor Maudslay lathe turret with a screw drive, and in 1800 the use of change gears, you can change the feed rate and the processing thread pitch. In 1817, another Englishman Roberts uses four wheels and rear wheel mechanism to change the spindle speed.
In order to improve the degree of mechanization and automation, in 1845, the US Fitch invention turret lathe.
Early 20th century by a single motor-driven lathe with a gear transmission.
After World War I, due to the need of arms, vehicles and other machinery industry, a variety of efficient automatic lathes, and specialized rapid development. In order to improve the productivity of small quantities of the workpiece, the late 1940s, lathes with hydraulic copying device be promoted at the same time, multi-tool lathes have also been developed. In the 1950s, the development of the program control lathe with a punch card, latch plate and thumbwheels like. CNC technology in the 1960s for turning, after 70 years of rapid development.
Component
The main components include: headstock, exchange gear box, feed box, apron, turret, tailstock, light bars, screw, bed, foot of the bed and cooling means.
Headstock: its main task is to rotate the main motor sport came after a series of the transmission mechanism of the spindle to give the pros and cons of two different speeds required for steering, while the separation of part of the power headstock the motion to feed me. Headstock spindle lathes are key parts. Processing quality spindle bearing directly affect the smooth functioning of the workpiece, once the rotation accuracy of the spindle is reduced, the machine will reduce the use value.
Feed me: it is also known as pass me, feed tank containing the feed movement of the transmission mechanism, adjust its transmission mechanism, will achieve the desired feed rate or pitch, through light bars or screw motion is transmitted to the knife frame for cutting.
Screw and light bars: to connect the feed box and apron, and the feed box of sports and power to the apron, make apron obtain longitudinal linear motion. Is devoted to turning the screw threads and a variety of settings, other surface during turning of the workpiece, only light bar without screw. Students who want to combine the contents of the apron distinguish between light bars and screw.
Apron: a lathe feed motion control box, built with the rotary motion of the light bar and screw into linear motion mechanism turret, turret achieve transmission via light bars longitudinal feed motion, infeed movement and fast-moving, driven toolholder for longitudinal linear motion by the screw for threading.
Turret: There are two skateboard (medium, small slide), a common component saddle and tool holder body. And promote the tools used to install tools for vertical, horizontal or diagonal movement. Tailstock: mounted on the rail bed, and longitudinal movement along the rail to adjust its working position. After tailstock mainly used to install the top, in order to support long workpieces can also be mounted drills, reamers, etc. hole machining.
Bed: It is turning a large infrastructure component with high precision rail. For supporting and connecting the various components of a lathe, and ensure that all members at work have an accurate relative position.
Cooling system: cooling device mainly by the cooling water pump in the tank pressurized jet cutting fluid to the cutting area, reduce the cutting temperature, away chips, lubricate the machined surface to improve the surface quality tool life and workpiece.
