Biometrics

The biometric technology is closely bonded via computer and optics, acoustics, biosensors and bio-statistical principles and other high-tech means, using the body's natural physiological characteristics (such as fingerprints, face, like, iris, etc.) and behavioral characteristics (such as handwriting , voice, gait, etc.) to identify personal identity.

According to IBG (International Biometric Group) statistics in 2009, the market has a variety of features for different physiological and behavioral characteristics of the application. Among them, the highest share is the fingerprint of.
Identification methods

The traditional identification methods include the identity of objects (such as keys, certificates, ATM card, etc.) and knowledge of identity (such as a user name and password), but as the main means of in vitro matter, once proof of identity and identification knowledge to identify items stolen or forgotten, their identity impersonate or are likely to be substituted by others.

Biometric technology is more secure than the traditional identification methods, privacy and convenience. Biometrics has easy to forget, good security performance, easy forgery or theft, carry "portable" and other advantages available anywhere.

Biometric technology mainly refers to a technology for authentication through human biological characteristics, unique to humans generally can be measured or automatic identification and verification, genetic or other characteristics constant for life, thus biometric authentication technology there is a big advantage compared with traditional authentication techniques.

Biometric systems biometric sampling, extracting its unique features and converted into digital code and code composition further feature template. Since the microprocessor and the declining cost of various electronic components, precision gradually improve, biometric systems increasingly used in authorized commercial control such as access control, time and attendance management system enterprise security certification and other fields. Biometric Biometrics has a hand, fingerprint, face, iris, retina, pulse, ear and other behavioral characteristics a signature sound, key efforts and so on.
Based on these characteristics, people have developed a hand shape recognition, fingerprint recognition, face recognition, pronunciation recognition, iris recognition, signature recognition and other biometric technology.

Chinese biometric industry is the first development of fingerprint identification technology, basic and foreign synchronization, back in the early 1980s began the research, and mastered the core technology, industrial development is relatively mature. The China Research for biometric vein recognition, face recognition, iris recognition is carried out after 1996. In 1996, the current deputy secretary-general Tan Tieniu Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, director of the Chinese Academy of Sciences named "Hundred Talents Program", resigned lifelong teaching positions at the University of Reading, UK home, opened a biometric-based identification of other international human the new frontier of research disciplines, China began research in the field of biometric vein, face, iris, etc.

The fuel cell

The fuel cell is main oxygen or other oxidizing agent via a redox reaction, the chemical energy in the fuel cell is converted into electrical energy. The most common fuel is hydrogen a number of hydrocarbons such as natural gas, alcohols, and methane as fuel may also be used. Unlike primary cells of the fuel cell, because of the need of oxygen and fuel When set of sources to ensure the operation of the power supply. The advantage of this battery is that it can provide uninterrupted and stable power, until the fuel runs out.

In 1839, British physicist William Grove produced the first fuel cell. The first fuel cell applications in which NASA space missions in the 1960s to provide electricity for the detectors, satellites and space capsule. Since then, the fuel cell began to be widely used in industrial, housing, transportation and other aspects, as a basic or back-up power supply unit.

Today life in the presence of a variety of fuel cells, but they are basically about the same principle of operation, must contain an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte to make a charge through the battery poles. DC transmitted electrons from the anode cathode, to form a complete circuit. The fuel cell is based on using a variety of different electrolytes and battery size classification, and therefore become more diversified type of battery, also use more extensive. Due to the individual fuel cell count, a single cell can only be a relatively small output voltage, about 0.7V, so fuel cells in series or fractional multiple manufacturing a group, in order to increase the voltage to meet the application requirements.

On the other hand, will produce a fuel cell producing electricity and hot water, based on different fuels, it is possible to produce a very small amount of nitrogen dioxide and other substances, pollution of the environment is less than the original battery, is a green energy source. Energy efficiency of the fuel cell is usually between 40-60%; if the use of waste heat is captured, the energy efficiency of its cogeneration up to 85%.